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Originally existing in the millions, this turkey had been depleted to extremely low numbers by 1920. Formal programs involving trapping and transplanting were initiated in the 1930's and today the bird is now found over much of its ancestral range. Texas has the most Rio Grandes with a population estimated at over 600,000 birds.

The Rio Grande turkey, at full maturity, is approximately four feet tall with a slightly smaller body size than the Eastern wild turkey. It is pale and copper-colored having tail feathers and tail/rump coverts (short feathers located at the base of the tail) tipped with a yellowish buff. An alternating color pattern includes tan feathers with medium or dark brown buffed tips. The Rio Grande’s color is consistently lighter than the Eastern or Florida bird, but is darker than the same feathers in the Merriam or Gould subspecies. Feathers of the hen breast, sides and flanks are tipped with pale, pinkish buff.